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Producing [link widoczny dla zalogowanych]s with enhanced surface activity through alkaline pretreatment of feedstocks

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Current knowledge gained from activated carbon studies could have some application to [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] research. Surface charges on activated carbon are generated by physical and chemical methods. Physical activation involves the use of oxidising gases, such as carbon dioxide or water steam, while chemical activation involves the use of inorganic chemicals,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], such as zinc chloride, phosphoric acid, and potassium or sodium hydroxides . Sodium hydroxide has been reported to promote a better activation of lignocellulosic materials than potassium hydroxide,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and this occurs predominantly via a non-intercalation mechanism in the former and through an intercalation process in the latter .